Oven for the distillation of solid material



, Marsh 16 14926.

1,576,916 o. L AsHE ET AL;

OVEN FOR THE DISTILLATION OF SOLID MATERIAL Orignm Filed Nov. l5, 1923 /H ven/'oran and Car/ Ge/'Jsn ceased,

Patented Mar. 16, 1926.

.UNITED STATES ea'ru'rl orricr..

OSKAR IiASCHE, DECEASED, LATE, OF BERLIN-CHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY; BY

FRITZ LASCHE, EXECUTOR, OF DRESDEN, "-ERMANY, AND CARL GEISSEN, OF BER- LIN-SCHONEBERG, GIIIRIIVIAIY,l ASSIGNORS TO KOHLENVEREDLUNG G. M, B. H., 0F

, BERLIN, GERMANY, A FIRM.

OVEN FOR THE DISTILLATION OF SOLID MATERIAL.

Original application led November 15, 1923, Serial No. 675,022. Divided and this application tiled March 6, 19.25,.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Bejit known that OsliAn Laseun, deformerly a resident of Berlin- Charlottenburg, Germany, and (han Gius- SEN, residing at Bei-lin-Sehoneherg. '(ermany, both of them'eitizens ot the (tei-man Empire, have made an invention relating to an Improvement in Ovens tor the Distillation of Solid Material (for whieh we have filed application in (ermany, Oetober 5, 1922), of which the following is a specification. l

Our invention relates to the distillation of vbituminous material, more.espeeially bi- -luminous l`uel. Its partieular object is to elt'eet distillation of sueh materials in a morel eeonomieal and ellieient manner than has hitherto been possible. n

ln order to expel the volatileA ronstituents from solid material sueh as bituminous fuel, the material must be exposed to a eonstant temperature not exeeeding a predetermined limit, care being taken not to overheat the material nor the volatile matter ex- -pelled therefrom. On the vother hand. the degree of utilization ,of the heat energy available for the heating of the material playsy a decisive'rle in the eeonomy ot' the distillation process. i

In the distillation ot bituminous and other solid materahas hitherto praetieed, direct.

heating was excluded entailing irregular variations ofl temperature and other serious (.lraWbaeks. On the other hand, themdireet l heating resorted to results in a very poor According to this invention the materialto be heated, and which ispreferably .caused to move in a eoinparatively thin layer. is exposed simultaneously to the direet aetion of the heating gases and to the heat emitted by radiation from a large solid mass heated Serial No. 13,666.

means, cooling the heating gases down `to the predetermined tempel-at ure required, storing the heat taken up l'rom the gases, rendering the heating ot the material to be treated more uniform by gradually and uniformly emitting the heat by radiation, and preventing loeal overheating of theinaterial and of the volatile constituents*liberated therefrom. -In a preferred form of our invention we, eause the material which shall be. subjeeted to distillation, to travel in B5 downward direction past and'v in eontaet with the outer suriaee of a hollow eyl- Ji-ndrieal wall or shell presenting 'a number of super-posed inelined heating surfaces.

This wall om Shell is heated by means of a gas burner or the like disposed centrally below it and an a pertured hollow eylindrieal heat storing and equalizing mass is placed above the burner and in, the way of the heating gases, a (clearance being provided between the heat storing mass and the" outer Wall or shell so that the heating gases, after having passed through the heat storing and equalizing eylindrr and out through the apertures provided therein, come in eontact with the inner surlare ol" the eylindrieal Wall or shell aeross which ltheir heat together with the heat emitted from the heat. storing cylinder by radiation is transmitted to the material traveling'past and in eontaet 85 therewith. Means ean he provided for varying the area ot the heat storing mass exposed to the aetion of the flame, thereby f regulating the temperature of the flame as Well the quantity of heat energy aeeumulated for radiation. In this manner all danger' of overheating the solid material or the distillation products is avoided. The heating gases can enter the oven with a-ar higher temperature than was hitherto possible, the heat storing and equalizlng mass providing for the necessary cooling down and for the equalizing without any appre-A eiable loss ol: their heat energy.

This application isa division of eoptndi' in the burner 7l.

ing application Serial No. 675,922, tiled vein or l5, 1923 for *l distillation ot bituminous materials7 by Oskar Lasche., (del ceased), by Fritz Lasche (executor), and

adapted for carrying,r our invention into .practice is illustrated diagrainmatically in Vertical section by vway ot example.

Referring to the drawings, the oyen. substantially comprises a hollow cylinder a of refractory material having7 a wavy outer surface, this cylinder forming the heat. accumulator and equalizer. rl`his cylinder is surrounded by a cylindrical transversely corrugated shell b which may consist of cast iron and the outer surface of which serres as a support for the material to be distilled. The cylindrical heating?r surface thus provided is subdivided in a plurality of superposcdannular zones. These zones are formed by funnel sections c which cause the material to be treated to slide down in the annular space confined between thc tunnels c and the cylinder l). This latter cylinder is arranged to rcvolye r to execute a, rotary pendulum motion relatiyly to the outer tunnels. y is an outer jacket surrounding the guide tunnels c and spaced therefrom. lle may however also employ a stationary cylinder and mora'olc guide tunnels. ln order'that the relet-iye motion of the cyl.- infler l5 and guide tunnels o be accompanied by a grinding action, we may arranic the axis ofrotation ot the two systems or conin cal surfaces eccentrit'mlly with regard to each other. The cylinder l) is made to rcvolvo by a worin /1 acting on a helically toothed rim f mounted on the top edge, ot' the cylinder l). The cylinder Z) can bc adjusted axially by means of a double-arn1cd lever s operated. by a hand wheel o acting from below on the toothed rim r. hand Wheel and spindle s are provided for actuating a double-armed lcrciim acting on the lowermost guide 'funnel c from below so as to displace it in axial direction.

A sliding; coyer t of refractory material is mounted axially above the. refractory cylinder a and means are proridcd for lowering this corer into the hollow of the cylindcr, thereby reducingi according to rcquirements the arca acted on by the heating gases. The annular snace ri confined beitween the outer cylinder l) and the inner cylinder uA comnuinicatcs lwith the interior of the lcylinder o by means ot ports ci Into the cylinder (a there is supplied heating gas through the gas pipe 5,1, this njas being burnt )in air pipo serrcs'lt'or supplyingr the air oi combustion. the quan tity of which can be controlled by suitable means (not shown). In order to .regulate t e temperature. ot' the heating gas accordamaai@ ingr' to requirements, a branch pipe Z' conn prising,r controlling means (not shown) is connected with the main air pipe Z and serves for supplying' the furnace with the required quantity of secondary air. The heating' gases after haring given oill their heat escape through the chimney m.

The operation of the furnace is the tollowing:-the heatingr frases form a narrow flame extending into the interior ,f ot' the furnace and are mixed with the. secondary air supplied through thc branch pipe l'. The heatingy iirst. heat the inner cylinder from within and thereafter pass through the. ports e into the annular space before n esca-ping through the chimney m, being: eventually further utilized in suitable heat exchange devices, for instance in a dcvicc for the preliminary drying of the material to be distilled. On their way to the. chimney the heating gases heat the cylinder o from without and cylinder l) from within. Consequently, the heatingr surface is heated not only by direct contact of the heating gases with its inner surface, but also by the heat emitted by radiation from the cylinder (l. ln order to render the heating of the inner cylinder as cllicient as possible, the ports e may bc arranged at the lower end of the cylinder L near thc burner, whereby the llame is caused to extend more or less into the inner space f accordingr to the position oi the sliding; corcr t and is compelled to y change its direction in the cylinder and in the annular space d. Obviously, the heating; gases inay also bc conducted in a different manner `without in any way alteringr thc result. No may, for instance, cause the Yheatintr lrases to enter at. the bottom of the interior of the cylinder (I, to rise in the. inner space, to descend again in the annular space between cylinder a and heating surface 7) and to escape near the bottoni of the shell. A

ll'e wish it. to be understood that. we do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described, for obvious modifications4 will occur to a person skilled in the art.

l. Oven for thc distillation of solid ina-- terial, ccnnprisiunr a cylindrical shell, a thickwalled aperturcd hollow body of refractory material within, but spaced f rom said shell 'and heating gas supplyingr means arranged axially ot said hollow body.

9. yen for the distillation ot solid niaterial, comprisingr a transversely corrugated shell, a thick-walled hollow body of retractory material within, but spaced from said shell. heating `asA supplying means arranged axially ot said hollowY body and means surrounding said shell for guiding the material to be treated in contact with said shell.

lill) 3. Oven for the distillation of solid material, comprising a transversely .corrugated shell, a thick-walled hollow body of refractory material within, but spaced from said shell, heating gas supplying means arranged axially of said hollow body, means surrounding said shell for guiding the material to be treated in Contact with said shell and a Jacket surrounding said guiding means and spaced apart therefrom.

4; Oven, for the distillation of solid material, comprising a. shell, a thick-Walled hollow body of refractory material within, but spaced from said shell, means displaceable Within said body for varyingthe free inner area of said body, heating gas sup-A plying,r means arranged axially of said hollow body and means for guiding the maim contact with the outer shell.'

terial to be treated in Contact with the terial, comprising a shell, a thick-walled hollow body df refractory material Within,` but spaced--from .said shell, a cover of refactory material axially displaceable within said body, heating gas su pl ing means arrangd axially of said ol owA body and means for guiding the material to be treated surface of said' whereof we affix our signaceased.

CARL GEIssEN.

In testimony tures.

fa f 

